Meaningful FEV1 improvement (≥5% absolute increase, or ≥10% relative improvement) is reported in 40–55% of treated COPD patients in clinical series. Dyspnoea improvement (Modified MRC scale reduction ≥1 point) occurs in 50–65%. Quality-of-life gains (SGRQ or CAT score reduction) are consistent with functional improvement in 55–70%. Exacerbation frequency reduction (fewer hospitalisations) is reported in 40–50% of responders. Complete lung function normalisation does not occur; improvements represent slowing or halting of decline rather than reversal of established emphysema. Advanced disease (FEV1 <25% predicted) responds poorly.
Published trials of intravenous placental MSC infusion in moderate-to-severe COPD report improvements in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 5–15% over 6–12 months in 40–55% of participants, with associated dyspnoea reduction (Modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale) in 50–65%. A phase II trial (68 patients, GOLD grade II–III) demonstrated sustained FEV1 improvement and quality-of-life gains at 12 months in treated versus sham-injected controls. CT imaging in responders shows subtle increases in low-attenuation area density, interpreted as reduced emphysema progression. Exosome inhalation is emerging with small proofs-of-concept showing reduced sputum inflammatory biomarkers and improved cough. Improvement is typically modest (≤15% FEV1 gain); dramatic FEV1 recovery is not observed.
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