Success in cirrhosis trials is heterogeneously defined as halting progression, improving synthetic function, or delaying decompensation. Approximately 35–55% of infused patients showed measurable improvement in albumin levels, bilirubin, or prothrombin time within 3–6 months; however, 'improvement' often means partial stabilisation rather than reversal. Reduction in ascites burden was noted in 30–40% of cases. Hepatic encephalopathy episodes decreased in responsive subgroups. Response depends critically on disease stage; early cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A) responds better than decompensated (Child-Pugh C) disease. Concurrent alcohol consumption or active viral replication negatively impacts outcomes.
Cirrhosis trials represent the most mature evidence base among stem-cell-investigated liver diseases. Published studies have documented improvements in liver synthetic function (albumin, prothrombin time), reductions in portal hypertension parameters, and enhanced hepatic blood flow following MSC infusion. Several trials reported reduced variceal bleeding incidence and slower progression to hepatic encephalopathy. However, many studies remain observational and uncontrolled; head-to-head comparisons with standard care (diuretics, beta-blockers, endoscopic banding) are sparse. Disease heterogeneity — varying aetiology (viral hepatitis, alcohol, autoimmune) and cirrhosis stage — limits generalisation of results. Long-term transplant-free survival data are limited; many patients eventually require liver transplantation despite MSC treatment.
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