Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder causing thick, red, scaly plaques. About one-third of patients develop psoriatic arthritis affecting joints. Severity ranges from mild localised patches to extensive coverage. Modern biologic therapies offer sustained remission for many.
Topical corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues (calcipotriol) treat mild plaques. Phototherapy (UVB, PUVA) reduces inflammation in moderate disease. Systemic treatments for extensive disease include methotrexate, acitretin (retinoid), cyclosporine, and apremilast (phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor). Biologic therapies targeting TNF (adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept), IL-17 (secukinumab, ixekizumab), IL-23 (guselkumab, risankizumab), and IL-12/23 (ustekinumab) are highly effective; remission rates exceed 75% for TNF inhibitors and IL-23 inhibitors. Emollients and skin care are foundational.
Herbal remedies (tea tree oil, aloe vera, dead sea salt soaks) provide mild symptom relief. Stress management, dietary changes (omega-3, alcohol reduction), and sun exposure help some patients. These complement but do not replace pharmacotherapy.
Stem cell therapy is being investigated for psoriasis, but clinical evidence is sparse. Mesenchymal stem cells theoretically reduce T-cell activation and inflammatory cytokines. Early reports suggest modest symptom improvement; long-term benefit is unproven. Regenerative approaches are not standard and should not delay biologic therapy.
| Option | Type | 证据 | Indicative cost | Invasiveness | Recovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topical Corticosteroids (Mild-Moderate Plaques) | Standard | Strong | €20–60/month | Low | Rapid plaqueremission; continued use to prevent flares |
| UVB Phototherapy | Standard | Strong | €100–200/session (2–3×/week) | Low | 4–8 weeks for 75% clearance; twice-weekly maintenance |
| Methotrexate (Systemic Psoriasis) | Standard | Strong | €50–120/month | Low | 8–12 weeks to effect; 60–70% achieve remission |
| TNF Inhibitors (Adalimumab, Infliximab, Etanercept) | Standard | Strong | €800–2,500/month | Low | 4–8 weeks to effect; 75–90% clear skin and joints |
| IL-23 Inhibitors (Guselkumab, Risankizumab) | Standard | Strong | €1,500–3,000/month | Low | 4–12 weeks to effect; durable remission; 85–95% achieve PASI 90 |
| IL-17 Inhibitors (Secukinumab, Ixekizumab) | Standard | Strong | €1,200–2,500/month | Low | 2–4 weeks to effect; excellent for skin and joints |
| Mesenchymal Stem Cell Intra-articular or Systemic Injection | Regenerative | Limited | €15,000–30,000 | Medium | 1–2 weeks; symptom reduction in some; unproven long-term benefit |
| Apremilast (Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor) | Standard | Moderate | €1,800–2,500/month | Low | Oral daily; slower than biologics; modest benefit |
No permanent cure exists, but modern biologic therapy achieves sustained remission in 75–95% of patients. Some discontinue medication with sustained benefit; others require ongoing therapy. Remission rates have improved dramatically.
Yes, generally. TNF inhibitors, IL-23, and IL-17 inhibitors are safe with appropriate infection screening and monitoring. Risks include infections and rarely malignancy, but benefit-to-risk favours treatment in moderate-severe disease.
Stem cell therapy is highly experimental with minimal clinical evidence. Mesenchymal stem cells may reduce immune activation theoretically, but biologic drugs targeting IL-23, TNF, and IL-17 are far more effective and approved.
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Educational overview of treatment options; not medical advice. Standard treatments reflect mainstream guidance; regenerative/stem-cell uses are largely investigational. Reviewed by the StemCellAtlas editorial team.
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