Stabilisation of kidney function (halting GFR decline for ≥12 months) is documented in approximately 50–60% of treated cohorts in early-stage CKD (stages 2–3). Advanced CKD (stages 4–5) shows lower response rates (30–40%), likely because fibrotic burden and residual nephron mass constrain regenerative potential. Reversal of established scarring is rare; the primary benefit is slowing progression toward dialysis or transplantation.
Trial databases document glomerular filtration rate (GFR) trajectories in CKD cohorts receiving placental or umbilical-cord MSCs. Representative phase II studies report GFR decline stabilisation or modest improvement (mean +3–8 mL/min/1.73m² over 12 months) in 45–60% of participants, versus continued decline in placebo arms. Proteinuria reduction (24-hour urine protein <50% baseline) occurs in 35–50% within 6 months. Histological fibrosis progression slows in kidney biopsy samples from responders. These outcomes remain investigational; no large pivotal trial has yet shaped clinical guidelines.
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