Once a wound has closed, recurrence depends on underlying aetiology (diabetes control, vascular status, pressure relief). Some patients maintain closure indefinitely; others experience breakdown within 6–18 months if underlying pathology is not addressed. Cell therapy does not cure the root cause (diabetes, poor blood supply, immobility), only the local wound.
Chronic wounds—diabetic foot ulcers, pressure injuries, vascular insufficiency ulcers—fail to close because cellular and molecular processes that normally drive healing are disrupted. Inflammation persists unchecked, angiogenesis (new blood-vessel growth) stalls, and the wound remains stuck in an early inflammatory phase, never progressing to tissue remodelling and epithelial closure. Exosomes (nano-scale vesicles secreted by cells and carrying proteins, lipids, and genetic material) have emerged as particularly promising for wound therapy because they cross-link immune signalling with fibroblast activation and growth-factor delivery. Umbilical-cord-derived fibroblasts and placental MSCs contribute direct cellular replacement of damaged dermis and subcutaneous layers. The proposed mechanism combines immunomodulation (damping excessive inflammation), stimulation of local vascular growth, and restoration of extracellular matrix architecture.
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Médicalement examiné par l'équipe éditoriale de StemCellAtlas avec the Stem Plus medical team (physicians & scientists · GMP-certified Sofia laboratory · 25+ yrs international experience) de la clinique partenaire Stem Plus (Sofia), selon les directives ISSCR, FDA et EMA. Educational information, not medical advice; figures indicative.
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