Post-stroke cell therapy offers significant value for chronic stroke survivors (1–5 years post-event) with moderate-to-severe residual motor or language deficits limiting independence and quality of life. Cost (€6,500–8,000) is modest compared to lifetime disability support and care costs, and substantially cheaper than experimental neurorehabilitation technologies. Response probability (~50–60%) justifies consideration for highly motivated individuals willing to commit to intensive concomitant rehabilitation. Mechanism rationale is biologically sound; published evidence derives from multiple centres and blinded-control designs. Limitations: complete functional restoration is rare; very late presentation (>5 years) shows lower response; and patients with massive infarcts or very elderly individuals respond poorly. Best-fit candidates are age 40–75, 1–5 years post-stroke, motivated for intensive therapy, and accepting modest-to-moderate functional gains (independent ambulation, improved conversation, reduced care dependence) over months rather than complete recovery.
Acute ischaemic stroke causes focal neuronal death and surrounding tissue inflammation, leaving survivors with motor, sensory, cognitive, or speech deficits dependent on lesion location. Recovery is constrained by limited intrinsic neural regeneration; most functional improvement plateaus 3–6 months post-event. Stem cell therapies harness the brain's residual plasticity: neurogenic cells (foetal-derived or reprogrammed progenitors) migrate to lesion borders and differentiate into neurons and glia, partially reconstituting damaged circuits. Placental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) that suppress secondary neuronal death and glial scarring. Exosomes deliver growth factors systemically, activating endogenous repair mechanisms. The therapeutic window extends months to years post-stroke, distinguishing this from hyperacute thrombolysis. One hundred eight registered trials investigate stroke recovery; eleven actively recruit, reflecting major investment in post-stroke neural restoration.
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Revizuit medical de echipa editorială a StemCellAtlas cu Kiian Nadiia, MD, PhD (Paediatric Neurologist · Medical Director, CSM Clinic Network · 12+ yrs in Autism Spectrum Disorders) ale clinicii partenere Stem Plus (Sofia), în funcție de orientările ISSCR, FDA și EMA. Educational information, not medical advice; figures indicative.
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