No FDA-approved stem-cell therapy exists for Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Several products are in Phase 1–2 trials. Some jurisdictions permit unproven diabetes stem-cell treatments under loose frameworks — this is not equivalent to approval. 'FDA-cleared' claims attached to diabetes stem-cell therapy outside a formal trial are misleading.
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes both involve dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells — Type 1 through autoimmune destruction, Type 2 through insulin resistance and beta-cell exhaustion. Stem-cell research targets both: placental mesenchymal stem cells and fetal-derived stem cells are studied for their potential to differentiate toward insulin-producing cells, support pancreatic tissue, and dampen autoimmunity. In Type 1 the immune-modulating properties may restrain beta-cell attack; in Type 2 the aim is to ease insulin resistance and support residual reserve. Translating stem-cell-derived beta cells into safe, scalable, durable treatment remains a major unsolved scientific challenge, and all current clinical work is early-stage.
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Revizuit medical de echipa editorială a StemCellAtlas cu Dr Polina Krasenova (Haematologist · Clinical Haematology & Integrative Oncology · 15+ yrs cell therapy) ale clinicii partenere Stem Plus (Sofia), în funcție de orientările ISSCR, FDA și EMA. Educational information, not medical advice; figures indicative.
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