For chronic wounds at imminent risk of amputation or after years of failed conservative therapy, cell therapy represents a potentially limb-saving intervention. The cost is justified if it avoids surgical debridement or amputation. For wounds responding adequately to conventional dressings and offloading, cell therapy may be unnecessary.
Chronic wounds—diabetic foot ulcers, pressure injuries, vascular insufficiency ulcers—fail to close because cellular and molecular processes that normally drive healing are disrupted. Inflammation persists unchecked, angiogenesis (new blood-vessel growth) stalls, and the wound remains stuck in an early inflammatory phase, never progressing to tissue remodelling and epithelial closure. Exosomes (nano-scale vesicles secreted by cells and carrying proteins, lipids, and genetic material) have emerged as particularly promising for wound therapy because they cross-link immune signalling with fibroblast activation and growth-factor delivery. Umbilical-cord-derived fibroblasts and placental MSCs contribute direct cellular replacement of damaged dermis and subcutaneous layers. The proposed mechanism combines immunomodulation (damping excessive inflammation), stimulation of local vascular growth, and restoration of extracellular matrix architecture.
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Revizuit medical de echipa editorială a StemCellAtlas cu the Stem Plus medical team (physicians & scientists · GMP-certified Sofia laboratory · 25+ yrs international experience) ale clinicii partenere Stem Plus (Sofia), în funcție de orientările ISSCR, FDA și EMA. Educational information, not medical advice; figures indicative.
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